Chapter 32
1. Warren G. Harding’s weaknesses as president included all of the following except
a. a lack of political experience.
b. a mediocre mind.
c. an inability to detect moral weaknesses in his associates.
d. an unwillingness to hurt people’s feelings by saying no.
2. Match President Harding’s cabinet members with the major area of their concern.
A. Charles Evans Hughes 1. taxes and tariffs
B. Andrew Mellon 2. naval oil reserves
C. Herbert Hoover 3. naval arms limitation
D. Albert Fall 4. foreign trade and trade associations
a. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
d. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
3. Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding
a. sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley.
b. hoped to encourage the government to help guide business along the path to profits.
c. worked to get standpatters out of administration bureaus.
d. aimed at supporting increased competition in business.
4. During the twenties the Supreme Court
a. often ruled against progressive legislation.
b. rigorously upheld the antitrust laws.
c. generally promoted government regulation of the economy.
d. staunchly defended the right of organized labor.
5. _____ was adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal
government at the end of World War I.
a. The cement industry
b. The railroad industry
c. The American Legion
d. Organized labor
6. During World War I, thousands of blacks moved north because
a. northern cities had finally started to desegregate.
b. southerners finally allowed them to leave.
c. the best-paying jobs were located in the industrialized North.
d. they would be better protected by northern anti-lynching laws
7. The non-business group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World
War I was
a. labor.
b. blacks.
c. the Ku Klux Klan.
d. needy veterans.
8. The United States became involved in the Middle East despite President Warren Harding’s policy of isolationism to
a. protect the Jews.
b. prevent the League of Nations from establishing a protectorate in the region.
c. stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area.
d. secure oil drilling concessions for American companies.
9. Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the international issue of
disarmament because
a. he feared renewed war in Europe.
b. foreign policy was his biggest interest.
c. businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a bigger United States Navy.
d. he did not want the League of Nations to take the lead on this problem.
10. The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
a. formally ended World War I for the United States, since it had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.
b. set a schedule for German war-reparations payments.
c. hoped to outlaw war as an acceptable solution to international rivalry.
d. condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria.
11. In the twenties the Fordney-McCumber Tariff _____ tariff rates and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff _____ tariff rates, so that, by 1930, the tariff rates had been substantially _____ from the opening of the decade.
a. raised; lowered; lowered
b. lowered; raised; raised
C. raised; raised; raised
d. lowered; lowered; lowered
12. As a result of the United States raising its tariffs in the 1920s,
a. European nations raised their tariffs.
b. the post-war chaos in Europe was prolonged.
c. international economic distress was deepened.
d. all of the above.
13. The Teapot Dome scandal involved the mishandling of
a. naval oil reserves.
b. funds for veterans’ hospitals.
c. the budget for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
d. European war-debt payments.
14. The major political scandal of Harding’s administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of
a. treasury.
b. state.
c. interior.
d. commerce.
15. Of the following, the descriptive attribute least characteristic of President Coolidge
was his
a. honesty.
b. frugality.
C. shyness.
d. strong leadership.
16. During Coolidge’s presidency, government policy was largely set by the interests and values of
a. farmers and wage earners.
b. the business community.
c. racial and ethnic minorities.
d. progressive reformers.
17. After the initial shock, many Americans reacted to the Harding scandals by
a. demanding that all those involved be sent to prison.
b. excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that "they had gotten away with it."
c. demanding the impeachment of the president.
d. suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so that Calvin Coolidge could take control.
18. One of the major problems farmers faced in the 1920s was
a. overproduction.
b. the inability to purchase modern farm equipment.
c. passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill.
d. the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws.
19. In the mid-twenties President Coolidge twice refused to sign legislation proposing to
a. exempt farmers’ cooperatives from the antitrust laws.
b. subsidize farm prices.
c. make the United States a member of the World Court.
d. lower taxes.
20. The intended beneficiaries of the McNary-Haugen Bill were _____; the intended beneficiaries of the Norris-LaGuardia Act were _____
a. railroad corporations; labor unions.
b. farmers; labor unions.
c. banks; railroad corporations.
d. farmers; banks.
21. The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because
a. it could not win the farm vote.
b. too many people shared in prosperity to care about reform.
c. it was too caught up in internal discord.
d. the liberal vote was split with the Democratic Party.
22. In 1924 the Democratic party convention came within a single vote of adopting a resolution condemning
a. the Ku Klux Klan.
b. immigration-restriction legislation.
c. prohibition.
d. Fundamentalism.
23. America’s European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans the United States made to them during World War I because
a. the United States had owed them about $4 billion before the war.
b. the amount of money involved was not that significant.
c. they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt.
d. the United States was making so much money on Mexican oil that it did not need the extra dollars.
24. America’s insistence that war debts be repaid resulted in
a. the French and British demanding enormous reparation payments from Germany.
b. a drastic deflation of the German mark.
c. nearly all U.S. allies repaying their loans.
d. the United States becoming more involved in European affairs to ensure repayment.
25. America’s major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which
a. ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean.
b. established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan.
c. condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria.
d. tried to solve the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations payments.
26. Easily the most colorful presidential candidate of the 1920s was
a. Calvin Coolidge.
b. John W. Davis.
c. Alfred E. Smith.
d. Herbert Hoover.
27. All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith except his
a. being Catholic.
b. supporting repeal of Prohibition.
c. being from a big city.
d. failing to win the support of American labor.
28. One of Herbert Hoover’s chief strengths as a presidential candidate was his
a. adaptability to the give-and-take of political accommodation.
b. considerable experience in running for political office.
c. talent for administration.
d. ability to face criticism.
29. When elected to the presidency in 1928, Herbert Hoover
a. was militantly antilabor.
b. brought little administrative talent or experience to the job.
c. understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the problem of the Great Depression.
d. was a millionaire.
30. The Federal Farm board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act, loaned money to farmers primarily to help them
a. organize producers’ cooperatives,
b. learn a new and more profitable trade.
c. open new land to cultivation.
d. purchase expensive new farm machinery.
31. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 caused
a. the worldwide depression to deepen.
b. the duties on agricultural products to decrease.
c. American economic isolationism to end.
d. campaign promises to labor to be kept.
32. In America, the Great Depression caused
a. people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems.
b. a decade-long decline in the birthrate.
c. an increase of foreign investment since prices were so low.
d. the price of common stock to remain low while blue-chip stocks suffered only moderate losses.
33. President Herbert Hoover believed the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following except
a. providing direct aid to the people.
b. directly assisting businesses and banks.
c. keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system.
d. continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism.
34. President Hoover’s approach to the Great Depression was to
a. leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble.
b. nationalize major industries.
c. adopt unprecedented federal initiatives to combat it.
d. blame it on big business.
35. An "alphabetical agency" set up under Hoover’s administration to bring the government into the anti-depression effort was the
a. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
b. National Recovery Administration (NRA).
c. Works Progress Administration (WPA).
d. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC).
36. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established by Herbert Hoover to
a. provide direct economic assistance to labor.
b. make loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments.
c. outlaw "yellow dog" (antiunion) con tracts.
d. provide money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River.
37. The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand
a. the removal of American troops from Nicaragua.
b. passage of legislation of a lower tariff.
c. immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans.
d. punishment for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C.
38. President Hoover’s public image was severely damaged by his
a. decision to abandon the principle of "rugged individualism."
b. handling of the dispersal of the Bonus Army.
c. agreeing to provide a federal dole to the unemployed.
d. refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression.
39. In response to the League of Nations’ investigation into Japan’s invasion and occupation of Manchuria,
a. the United States became an official member of the League.
b. Japan withdrew its troops.
c. a boycott of Japanese goods was initiated.
d. Japan left the League.
40. The 1932 Hoover-Stimson doctrine
a. reversed the United States’ long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America.
b. committed the United States to join the League of Nations’ effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan for its invasion of Manchuria.
c. announced the United States’ willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy.
d. declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms
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